Welcome to First Nepali Syangja Blog

An Interaction Program with NRIDS !

syangja — Sun, 26 Aug 2007 09:34:33 +0000

Recently District Information and Documentation center(DIDC) and Nepal Rural Information Technology Development Society(NRIDS) jointly organized a technical program regarding the establishment of community Information Center (CIC) in every villages of Syangja District. President of NRIDS Mr. Sudip Aryal presented the ongoing activities of NRIDS to aware ICT in the rural areas of Nepal. There are currently eight CIC’s in Syangja District. We are planning to extend this activities to all the villages of Syangja District. Mr. Aryal handed over the overal plan document regarding Rural transformation of Syangja District by establishing community information center (CIC) NRIDS has been working for ICT Development of Syangja District for more than three years. The participant of the meeting were Information Officer- Mr. Tanka Nath Lamsal and Sub-computer Operator Mr. Parashuram Adhikari. We will be updating about the information revolution initiave to transform Syangja with the help of ICT soon.

Please ! send your feedbak and comments.

DDC/DIDC, Syangja

We need to learn a lesson from this kind of intiatives

syangja — Tue, 07 Aug 2007 04:10:32 +0000

CWRC Launches Community Wireless Networks in two telecentres

In July 2007, community wireless networks were implemented at telecentres in Lira and Nabweru by the Community Wireless Resource Centre (CWRC). The CWRC team included CWRC staff and four electrical engineering students who are doing industrial training under CWRC. This intervention arose out of the need to reduce the high cost of internet connectivity at IDRC-supported telecentres in Uganda, to explore optimal connectivity models such as sharing the existing bandwidth with neighboring institutions via outdoor wireless networks and to provide internet access to these partners without need for heavy initial investments in satellite hardware and subscriptions. It is anticipated that these networks will enhance sustainability of internet access at these telecentres.

In Lira, a total of three partners have been connected to the telecentre wirelessly and can now access the internet at their premises. In Nabweru, a total of three partners have also been connected. The CWRC team now heads to Kabale to implement similar wireless networks in Kabale town and Kachwekano (which is located
approximately 8 km from Kabale town). The design of these networks considers the telecentre to be the hub of the network where all other sites are connected. In cases where line of sight links to the telecentre are not possible, connection between the hub and the partner site is accomplished via a repeater. Therefore, in this arrangement, the telecentre acts as a wireless internet access point to its partners.

Juma Okee, the IT officer at CPAR (Lira telecentre) had this to say, “On behalf of CPAR, I would like to express my appreciation to the CWRC team for the great job well done at our telecentre in Lira. The CWRC project is a blessing for rural connectivity over distances. CWRC has really come at a time when we needed it most.

CWRC provides training opportunities to electrical/telecommunication engineering students. In its first year, three students got this opportunity. This time round, four students are training with CWRC. They are taking part in setting up the wireless networks, configuring wireless equipment, procuring equipment, updating the CWRC website (http://tech.mak.ac.ug/cwrc), blogging, etc. Lillian Olule, one of the students, had this to say, “It’s a great place to train. From my
experience, we gain a wide range of experience in wireless technology, we travel and the environment favors learning. It tickles you to rise to finding solutions.” Ssanyu Nalule, another student, said, “It has borne fruit in extending communication to rural areas for sustainability”. Emmanuel Miyingo says, “It is excellent training
since it translates theoretical knowledge into practical work.” Peterson Mwesiga, another student, says, “Training with the CWRC has been such a fruitful venture whose relevance in my prospective career development cannot be over-emphasized.”

The Community Wireless Resource Centre (CWRC) was established within the Department of Electrical Engineering (Faculty of Technology, Makerere University) with support from the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), a Canadian organization. This initiative is a collaboration between the Department of Electrical Engineering, Makerere University and IT +46, an ICT consultancy firm that provides technical support. IT +46, which has over ten years experience, works
with grassroots organizations, academia, as well as regulators in both developing and developed countries. IT+46 is based in Stockholm, Sweden. The aim of this initiative is to make connectivity more affordable for Telecentres by implementing a communication infrastructure that is shared and managed by the community. Such
concept is known as “Community Wireless Network”, and it is based on the possibility for groups or communities to build self-owned and operated networks. Hence, the projects would be in line with Uganda’s rural communication development priority of “affordable communication services for all”.

Source: CWRC Press Release, 3 August 2007

Sudip Aryal
NRIDS

Nepal Tech Day

syangja — Mon, 06 Aug 2007 06:39:15 +0000

HumaniNet and the other sponsoring partners of Tech Day, to be held in Kathmandu on August 22, have assigned ten free registrations to students and youth ages 16-23 who have an interest in ICTs for humanitarian work in Nepal. Anyone interested should send a short paragraph introducing themselves and explaining why they would like to attend to info@humaninet.org by August 13. The ten people selected will be notified by August 16.

More information on Tech Day:

Tech Day in Nepal, August 22

On August 22, HumaniNet, ADRA Nepal, and Caritas will host a “Tech Day” in Kathmandu, Nepal. The purpose of Tech Day is to familiarize managers and teams of participating humanitarian organizations with ICTs (information and communications technologies) that would be of value to relief and development programmes.

Attendees will hear presentations and see demos
of technologies that support humanitarian relief work.

In addition, the host partners will lead roundtable discussions on several important topics, including the use of GIS and digital mapping tools, information management in relief scenarios, and how to integrate technology into relief training.

Start Date & Time
August 22, 2007
All day event.

End Date & Time
August 22, 2007
All day event.

Location
Hotel Himalaya
Bagmati, Nepal

Event URL
http://www.humaninet.org/te…

RSVP Info
Name: HumaniNet
E-mail: info@humaninet.org

Registration Deadline
August 13, 2007

Fundraising Tips for CBOs and NGOs

syangja — Sat, 04 Aug 2007 20:45:41 +0000

The Problem
The work of CBOs & NGOs in developing countries is vital to millions of people. However,fund-raising for these organizations is particularly difficult, for numerous reasons:
o There is often great competition among numerous local groups for scarce local
financial resources.
o International funders are reluctant to fund community-based NGOs “directly”, because of a perception of lack of accountability, difficulty in establishing credible references, practical issues with resource transfers, and numerous tax questions.
o Some community-based organizations lack what donors regard as the necessary prerequisite structure for being able to process donations, financial or otherwise. For many organizations, this becomes a “Catch 22″: resources would permit the necessary administrative changes to become more donor rule-compliant, but they cannot get those resources without making the changes.
Fund-raising First Step - Networking & Establishing Credibility
Many funders want to know that a CBO or NGO is credible before they will even reply to an organization’s request for funding. Establishing credibility doesn’t take money - it takes time, effort and personal attention.
As noted earlier, the first impulse of many CBOs or NGOs seeking funding is to request the contact information for possible funders, and once such information is received, these NGOs often write immediately to the potential funder, stressing how desperately funds are needed. Sadly, this approach often harms the NGO’s reputation, rather than garnering support. Not only does it rarely attract funding, it can turn funding sources against the NGO altogether.
The activity to start with for successful fund-raising is networking: establish relationships — formal or informal — with local NGOs and representatives from International NGOs, local UN offices, large employers in the area, etc. If someone were to approach any of these agencies and institutions and ask about your organization, the answers should obviously demonstrate that these other organizations know what your CBO or NGO is, why it is important, and some of the good things it has done. Having such good local relationships means its more likely for these situations to occur:
o your CBO or NGO may be able to collaborate with these organizations and institutions and, therefore, receive funding o when funding becomes available for an activity your CBO or NGO undertakes, these organizations will contact you and let you know.
To network, start locally, with:
o local reporters or local media outlets (newspaper, radio, etc.)
o large employers in your area
o local UN offices (UNDP, UNICEF, UNESCO, ITU, etc.)
o local offices for International NGOs with excellent reputations with donors, such as OneWorld, Save the Children, Oxfam, World Vision, MercyCorps, and Doctors Without Borders (this is by no means a comprehensive list)
o local CBOs and NGOs
o local communities of faith
o local universities
o international volunteers serving in your geographic area
o any associations in your area (such as associations for small businesses, associations of women farmers — such associations can be formally or informally-organized)
o local embassies or consulates
o local and regional government offices
Meet face-to-face with these people, whenever possible, to let them know what your CBO or NGO is doing — do not emphasize what your organization needs but, rather, the good work that it is doing, and why the organization believes its mission is important, even essential, to the area. Invite representatives of these organizations to visit your organization and see your work first hand — invite them more than once! If you can, give them printed information about your organization. And people representing your CBO or NGO should attend their events and accept their invitations too!
By doing this, you will lay the groundwork for funding! You will greatly increase your chances of receiving resources if you engage in these networking and reputationbuilding activities.
Even better is if this networking can lead to formal associations/affiliations with other local CBOs, NGOs, International NGOs, or UN agencies in your area, in the form of Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs), collaborative activities or shared resources. Potential funders view all such associations very favorably when considering who to fund.
But remember — when networking initially, do NOT ask for funds, nor describe your organization as desperate for support. The purpose of networking is to establish your organizations reputation for excellent, quality work, and to create a network of organizations and people who will verify to others that your organization is legitimate, credible and worth supporting.
Even More Credibility-Building
The aforementioned networking tips should help build up the reputation of your CBO or NGO, but there is more that you can do, if you have the resources to do such. Some of the following activities may not be possible in your geographic area, or, you may not have the funds to engage in these activities:
o Membership in formal networks and associations — If your country or region has a network or association of CBOs or NGOs, you should be a member. You can find these by contacting other local organizations to find out if such exists, or searching on the Internet for such.
o Excellent online profile — If you type your organization’s name into www.google.com what happens? Does your organization’s web site come up (if you have such)? What about an online document by an International NGO or UN agency that references your organization? Or a newspaper article highlighting your organization’s work? Or your listing on a site such as www.onlinevolunteering.org ? Anything negative come up? An online profile adds to your organization’s credibility, and many potential funders, if they receive a proposal from you, will “Google” your organization’s name, as well as the name of the leader of the organization, to see what comes up. Also, post relevant information that can help others at www.developmentgateway.org , www.eldis.org and www.comminit.com . If you involve volunteers, write about how they help your CBO and NGO (especially how they help those you serve, NOT how they save you money), and submit your story to www.worldvolunteerweb.org . Even doing these activities just once every year will help greatly expand your online reputation, and increase the chance of your getting noticed by potential funders.
o A clear, complete, easy-to-use web site — It’s not essential that your organization have a web site in order to attract funding, but it will help in your efforts if you do.
If your organization has a web site, it should be:
o free of advertising for for-profit companies
o free of misspellings
o well-designed; simple and without lots of cumbersome graphics
o accessible via a variety of different types of web browsers
o complete, with a listing of your staff, your board of directors, your organization’s address, contact information, and at least a summary of your organization’s budget.
o Academic profile — It’s not essential, but it will certainly add greatly to your organization’s credibility if it has been referred to in a university-related paper. Ofcourse, it’s not always possible to say yes to participation in an academic research project, given your other priorities. But your organization should try, whenever possible and when asked, to participate, as such will add to the appearance of your organization as transparent and credible to anyone investigating your organization for such.
Again, these activities may not be possible in your geographic area, or, you may not have the funds to engage in these activities. Potential funders will understand, for instance, if your CBO or NGO cannot have a web site because your resources are so limited; they will not, however, accept “limited resources” as an excuse for a web site riddled with errors, or as an excuse for negative stories about your organization online.

Source: All African Bazar

Sudip Aryal
NRIDS,Mayatari ,Syangja

Low power PC launched in Uganda

syangja — Sat, 04 Aug 2007 19:54:02 +0000

A commercial low power computer was launched by California based company Inveneo in Kampala last week. The computer system uses three options of power supply including solar and a normal 12V battery as an alternative source to conventional power.
The computer was launched by Inveneo with support from the Ugandan government through the ministry of Information and Communication Technology.
This computer requires 6 to 10 times less power than a standard desktop computer, eliminating the need for generators, inverters, converters andUPS.
“It has been designed to specifically address the key ICT challenges faced in regions of the developing world, specifically Africa,” said Inveneo CEO and co founder Mark Summer.
The computer will help to address such issues as
- Lack of dependable electricity - or no electricity
- Extremely tight budgets for ongoing operations and maintenance
- Punishing physical environments - extreme heat, dust and humidity
- Lack of ICT experience at the administrative and end-user level
“This is a solution to the undependable electricity. With the introduction of such cheap technology, everyone whether in the urban or rural areas can afford to access a computer,” said Ministry of state for ICT Alintuma Nsambu at the launch of the revolutionary computer.
Nsambu wants the computer to be availed in the rural schools of Uganda where there is no electricity. It is affordable and costs about US$600.

For people in Uganda who would like to purchase the low power computer, you can visit the suppliers of the Inveneo computers at
Computer depot
21 Cham towers
P.O box 25306
Kampala
email: info@cls.cc

स्थानीय उत्पादनलाई बजारको पहुँच

syangja — Wed, 23 May 2007 09:39:27 +0000

गाउँमा सूचना केन्द्र

कुलचन्द्र न्यौपाने

धिताल -कास्की, जेठ ८ - स्थानीय उत्पादनलाई बजारसम्म पहुँच पुर्‍याउन कास्की धिताल गाविस अस्तामबासीले ग्रामीण सूचना केन्द्र खोलेका छन् । सबै गाउँलेलाई पायक पर्ने थलोमा खोलिएको केन्द्र विज्ञापन र समाचारको केन्द्र पनि बनेको छ ।
यसै सातादेखि खोलिएको केन्द्रबाट गाउँभरी खरिद बिक्रीसम्बन्धी विज्ञापन र देश विदेशका खवर थाहा पाउन सकिन्छ । ‘गाउँमा कसैको अन्नपात वा पशु चौपाया खरिद गर्न परे पनि एक अर्काबीच थाहा पाउनै समस्या भो’ स्थानीयबासी बुद्धिप्रसाद अधिकारीले भने- ‘किन्नेलाई पनि घरैपिच्छे सोध्दै हिंड्न गाह्रो, केन्द्र खुलेपछि त सबैलाई ढुक्क ।’

केन्द्रको अवधारणा ल्याएका हुन् नेपाल ग्रामीण सूचना प्रविधि विकास समाजका संचालक सुदिप अर्यालले । उनका अनुसार स्याङजा, भक्तपुर, दाङ र कास्कीमा गरी अहिलेसम्म गाउँमा दुर्गम १२ ठाउँमा केन्द्र स्थापना भइसकेका छन् । केन्द्र खोल्न ठूलो सहयोग पनि चाहिंदैन । ‘सबै भेला हुने थलोमा एउटा ठूलो सूचना पार्टीमा यी सबै काम हुनसक्छन्’ उनले भने- ‘सुरुमा विज्ञापनबाट सुरु हुन्छ, त्यसपछि इन्टरनेट र ई-कमर्शका बारेमा पनि जानकारी गराउने लक्ष्य छ ।’

सदरमुकामबाट पश्चिम १७ किमि दूरीमा रहेको यो गाउँ रमणीय पर्यटकीय स्थलसमेत हो । तर यहाँ विकासका कुनै पूर्वाधार पुगेका

छैनन् । सदरमुकामबाट नजिकै भए पनि गाउँ सूचनाविहीन जस्तो छ । केन्द्रका लागि पर्यटन व्यवसाय गरेर पोखरामा बसेका यहाँका बासिन्दाले पत्रपत्रिका पठाउन थालेका छन् ।

‘केन्द्र खोलेपछि देश विदेशका खबर र उत्पादनको खरिद बिक्रीको सूचना एउटै थलोबाट थाहा पाइएको छ’ स्थानीय विश्वराज अधिकारीले भने- ‘यसले गाउँको उत्पादन बजारसम्म पुर्‍याउन सहयोग

पुगेको छ ।

केन्द्र धिताल गाविस-८ मा संचालनमा छ । वडाका ६५ घरलाई लक्ष्ाित गरी केन्द्र खोलिएको भए पनि यसले पूरै गाविसलाई प्रभावित पार्छ । ‘एउटा टोलमा भएको कुरा अर्को टोलमा थाहा नहुन सक्छ, त्यसैले गाउँलेले खरिद बिक्री गर्नुपर्ने बस्तुहरूको जानकारी सूचना केन्द्रमा दिन्छन्’ स्थानीयबासी बुद्धिसागर अधिकारीले भने- ‘उनीहरूले दिएको सूचनालाई टिपेर सूचना पार्टीमा लेखी सार्वजनिक गर्ने काम गरिन्छ ।’

अहिले गाउँमा कटुवाल प्रथा छैन । सार्वजनिक महत्वको कुरा, बैठक, भेला बस्नु परेमा वा चाडपर्वका बेलामा गाउँले जम्मा हुनु परे समेत सूचना केन्द्रबाट जानकारी गराइन्छ ।

केन्द्रको अवधारणालाई दुर्गम बस्तीहरूमा पुर्‍याउने आफूहरूको अभियान रहेको अर्यालले बताए । ‘केन्द्रको लक्ष्य गाउँमा रहेको बस्तुहरूको बिक्री वितरणका लागि विज्ञापन गर्ने हो’ उनले बताए- ‘यसले गाउँ र नगरबीचको दूरी मेटाउने साझेदारीको काम गर्छ ।’

(कान्तिपुर दैनिकमा प्रकासित)
Posted on: 2007-05-22 21:10:06
Source: www.kantipuronline.com

The 12th Himalayan Languages Symposium

syangja — Thu, 16 Nov 2006 13:55:43 +0000

Kathmandu
November 26-28, 2006
Second Circular (October, 2006)

Dear colleagues,

For your further information, we provide the following details about the HLS and LSN conference:

Workshops have been cancelled for some practical reasons.

Symposium/conference dates: November 26-28, 2006

Venue: CEDA Hall, Tribhuvan University

Kirtipur, Kathamandu

Para-session on Corpus and Computational Linguistics: November 28, 2006

Keynote speakers

1. Dr. Anju Saxena

Associate Professor
Department of Linguistics and Philology
Uppsala University
Sweden
(For the opening of the symposium/conference)

2. Prof. Dr. Tony McEnery
Director
British Research Council
U. K.
(For the para-session on corpus and computational linguistics)

Registration fees

Nepali participants: NRs 500.00 (general)
NRs 400.00 (life member)
NRs 350.00 (student)

SAARC participants: NRs 800.00 (general)
NRs 700.00 (life member)
NRs 500.00 (student)

Foreign participants: US $ 60.00 (general)

(Non-SAARC) US $ 50.00 (life member)
US $ 40.00 (student)

Contact Address

For further information, please contact:

Yogendra P Yadava: yyadava@yahoo.com

Ram Raj Lohani: ramlohani@gmail.com

Central Department of Linguistics

Tribhuvan University

E-mail: hls.kath@gmail.com

Fax: 977 1 433114

Phone: 977 1 4330696

Web: www.lsn.org.np

NEPAL ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHERS’ ASSOCIATION

syangja — Sat, 26 Aug 2006 05:21:08 +0000

TWELFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
Kathmandu: 17-19 February 2007

CALL FOR PRESENTATIONS
NELTA is organising its TWELFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE from 17-19 February 2007 in Kathmandu. The Conference is a professional get together of a large number of ELT practitioners, methodologists, textbooks/material writers, teacher trainers, etc. from all parts of Nepal and abroad. The participants at the Conference are usually ELT practitioners from public as well as private educational organisations and from all levels of education - primary to university.

The theme of the TWELFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE is:
Mainstreaming Life with English: Situating English in Second/Foreign Language Contexts
The presentations are expected to touch upon the issues related to English as a tool to mainstreaming process of one’s life and its repercussions regarding language pedagogy, language policy and planning, social and economic aspects. The presentations may be research-based, experience based, arguments or opinions. While we are open to presentations in any area of English language teaching, however, the following areas are the main focus:
• English and Mainstreaming of Life
• English and Social Mobility
• English and empowerment
• English and marginalisation
• Classroom sociology and the English classrooms in the third world
• English, the rich, the poor: a divider or a unifier?
• The position of English in national educational language planning

The Conference will organise plenary sessions, talks/papers, workshops, poster presentations, etc. Exhibitions of ELT materials and books will also be organised.

We would be grateful if you agree to do a session during the conference. Please fill out the enclosed “Presenters’ Proposal Form” giving details of your presentation(s) and send it to NELTA, GPO BOX NO. 11110, Kathmandu, Nepal by December 31 2006.

For further details, please contact
Laxman Gnawali
General Secretary
NELTA
GPO BOX NO 11110, Kathmandu, Nepal
Phone: +977-1– 4229299/5544656/ Mobile +977-9841-285284
Email:

Soorce :
Lekhnath Pathak
Department of Loinguistics, TU

Questions and answers!

syangja — Sat, 26 Aug 2006 05:15:00 +0000

Dear friends,
Recently i was interrviewd by the international youth representative Daylina from US. My answerts to these questions were like these. I might be wrong and please comment on this. Also please try to anwer these questions from your side.

1. What is your morning routine? During the summer?

During summer or let say during my long vacations and holidays. I go to my village. My village is mayatari which is in Syangja. Usually I wake up early in the morning and visit the community information center (CIC) which we have established just before 2 years. Generally I spent 3-4 hours in the CIC briefing the villagers about the possibilities of IT in this village in their daily work so that their life gets even simpler and easier. Also I read the newspapers for the people who are not literate and still interested about the information and news. Also from 7 am to 8 am I take English language tuition to the school students. These days now there are 5 CIC’s in Syangja district. SO I generally visit them one by one every alternate day in the morning. ? However on Saturday I sleep up to 10’o clock in the morning. HEHHEH!

2. During the school year?

I usually wake up in the morning and obviously wash up my self. Then I rush to the paropakar Orphanage home near by the place I live .where I train the orphanage children basketball and karate. It’s really hard waking up 5:00 am in the morning. Still after being there with the children really makes me happy. They are interested in Basket ball as I was when I used to be in their age. After 7:30 -08:00 we were already back in the orphanage home. Every one again gets freshen up and study for an hour. At 8:30 I am back to the hostel and at 9:30 I am in college. This way my morning is spent.

3. How is the conflict in the Middle East impacting you and your community?

Conflict in the Middle East is having an adverse impact upon me and my community. Talking about myself, I am involved in the promotion of IT in the rural sectors of Nepal. Due to the conflicts sometimes I feel discouraged as if I won’t be able to establish community information centers in the whole syangja district and aware the people of the advancement of IT. Sometimes in frustration I just skip some of my plans. Regarding the effect on the community, Most of the people are migrating towards the urban areas in hope of peace in life and better security. As I have already written to you about the Maoists problem in Nepal. Due the conflict many innocent people are murdered day after day. The situation in Nepal is like a single country with two governments. One is the official one –Nepal Government and the other is the Maoists government. The capital is only in control of the Nepal government but the major parts of Nepal are forcefully ruled by the so called Maoists for whom killing a man is just like killing a chicken. So the community as a whole is disturbed. May be this situation is the induced effect of the other Middle East countries. Hey my friends can you believe Nepal used to be one of the most peaceful country in Nepal.

What do you feel should happen to resolve this conflict? 3. What are your feelings towards this and why?

The main point is sacrifice. First of all the opposing parties must feel the importance of the peace to happen in this world. Then comes the negotiation such that there will be no use of arm and ammunition just in the name of the equality and the poor people. If there are true leaders fighting for the rights of the general public then our leaders please fight so that we all have a peace and harmony. It is strongly felt that the leaders in the path of Mahatma Gandhi be supported and encouraged by the general public such that there will be no war to end the existing war. Also the respective governments of the conflict effected country needs a lot of paper works in terms of the important plans, policies and other laws such that it represents the spirits of the general public. So the dignitaries and the leaders in the government must realize that the source of conflict is due to the irregularities in the laws and orders of the government. So they should always work on making the government offices without corruption. As the saying goes “There are no underdeveloped countries in this world, but there are only undermanned countries”. So I suggest the political leaders in the government first be given the intensive management classes for at least a period of 6 months such that they manage the country effectively and efficiently.

As I have got the opportunity to meet the big political leaders of Nepal, what I came to know is that they lack the knowledge of effective management. I have also written an article titled “Do young people have a voice in their society: An unexpected meet with the political leaders of Nepal.”
It can be seen at www.sudiparyal.tigblog.org . Our political leaders are good thinkers and talkers but very poor implementers. They never give an emphasis on doing paper works.

6. If you live in a conflict area, give an example of how life has changed since the beginning of the conflict. How has it changed the way you go to school, or shop, or hang out with your friends?

Daylina, I have also attached the three poems written in various situations of conflicts. Should say I wouldn’t have written these poems if there was no conflict in the place I live. Life has changed drastically! Most of the youths in our country are already in other countries for employment or study purpose. Those who are here are also planning to go abroad because they don’t see any scope in Nepal in the presence of varied conflicts. The pathetic plight is that they still love Nepal nevertheless they don’t want to return back dues to the conflicts in Nepal. Rather most of them try their best becoming the citizens of other countries.

Yes there are also very good emerging youth leaders in Nepal. But in this context they are not getting the freedom to express. If the expression affects the rebels then that person will have to die. So I see there is less chance of growth of challenging youth leadership.

Natives of the many remote villages normally don’t visit their relatives and the village just in fear of the rebels. The general public is forced to donate money and work according to the plans of Rebels .So we are in a stage of lack of freedom and full of violence and fear. Still they say they are doing for the public welfare. Let us see how far they will go so that they will start thinking about peace.

Usually the schools and colleges are closed due to the protest from the different political and nonpolitical parties. So the teachers are unable to finish their courses on time. That’s why the students are suffering a lot. Also we have to think many times whenever we feel like roaming the outskirts of the city. First of all parents are very worried about the safety and security. As there are violent activities going on outside most of the time.

Sudip Aryal
President NRIDS

आँधीखोले रोइला: एक परिचय

syangja — Sat, 03 Jun 2006 18:11:53 +0000

[गरिमा, असोज २०६०, वर्ष २१, अङ्क १०, पूर्णाङ्क २५०, पृ. १००-१०५ मा प्रकाशित]

– भीमनारायण रेग्मी
bhim_regmi@yahoo.com

१ पृष्ठभूमि
नेपाल अर्थात् पश्चिमाञ्चल विकासक्षेत्रस्थित स्याङ्जा जिल्ला लोकगीतका लागि प्रसिद्ध ठाउँहरूमध्ये एक हो। आँधीखोला यस जिल्लाको मुख्य खोलो हो। नेपाली लोकगीतको एउटा भेद रोइला यस क्षेत्रको सांस्कृतिक सम्पदा हो। यस क्षेत्रमा सडक यातायात सुरु हुनुअघि अर्थात् सिद्धार्थ राजमार्ग (सुनौली–पोखरा) बन्नुअघि आँधीखोलाको किनार पोखरादेखि बुटवल (बटौली) सम्मको व्यापारिक मार्गको एउटा खण्ड थियो। लोकगीतको मुख्य क्षेत्र हुनु र व्यापारिक मार्गमा हुनु यी दुई कारणबाट निश्चित रूपमा लोकगीतको प्रसारमा यस क्षेत्रको भूमिका उल्लेख्य छ भन्ने प्रस्टिन्छ।
लोकगीत लोकसाहित्यका अरू विधाझैँ नै लोकजीवनका धुकधुकीहरू बोकेर लोकजीवनमै बाँच्छ। यसैले लोकको गतिशीलतासँगै यो पनि गतिशील हुन्छ। गतिशील हुनाका कारण लोकगीतमा परिवर्तन पनि हुँदै जान्छ। यस्तो खालको परिवर्तन यसको विषयवस्तुमा, संरचनामा सम्पादनको तरिका र शैलीमा र नाममै पनि हुन सक्छ। त्यसैले एउटै नामले चिनिने लोकगीत ठाउँअनुसार भिन्न हुन सक्छ अनि भिन्नाभिन्नै नामले चिनिने भिन्नाभिन्नै ठाउँका लोकगीत एउटै हुन पनि सक्छ।
रोइला पनि गतिशीलता र परिवर्तनले ल्याएका विविधता र समानता अनि यसको उद्भव र प्रसारबारेका मतमतान्तरका कारण अस्पष्ट बन्न पुगेको छ।
यस लेखमा पहिले ‘आँधीखोले रोइला’को सङ्‌क्षिप्त परिचय दिइएको छ, यसपछि यसको उद्भव र प्रयोगक्षेत्रबारेका मतमतान्तरहरू प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ, अनि यसको संरचनाबारे प्रष्ट पारिएको छ, यसमा देखिने स्थानीयताको चर्चा गरिएको छ र अन्त्यमा निष्कर्ष प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ।

२ परिचय ‘आँधीखोले रोइला’ आँधीखोलाको सेरोफेरोमा मुख्य रूपले प्रचलित नेपाली लोकगीत हो। यो बाह्रै महिना र जुनसुकै समय गाउन सकिने सामान्य लोकगीत हो। यो मूलतः दोहोरीका रूपमा गाइन्छ, तर यो एक्लै वा समूह गायनका रूपमा पनि गाउन सकिन्छ। यो लघु आयामको (मात्र तीन पाउको) लोकगीत हो। यसमा स्थायी र अन्तराको भेद हुँदैन। यो खैँजडी र मुजुरा वा मादल बजाएर गाइन्छ र बिनावाद्य पनि गाउन सकिन्छ।
३ उद्भव र प्रयोगक्षेत्र
रोइलाको उद्भव र प्रयोगक्षेत्र तथा यसको नामका सम्बन्धमा समेत विद्वान्‌हरूबीच मतमतान्तर देखा पर्छ। त्यससम्बन्धी केही मतहरू निम्नानुसार छन् –
यो गीत गुल्मी जिल्लाबाट उम्रेको भनिन्छ, तर महाकालीभन्दा पश्चिमका पहाडमा पनि प्रशस्तै गाइन्छ। जे होस्, गुल्मी जिल्लाका बाहुन समाजमा ज्यादा छ। अघि कारणवश क्षेत्रीबाहुनले ‘झ्याउरे’को बहिष्कार क्यैबेला गरेदेखि संवत् २००७ तक् रोइला नै प्राय अपनाएका थिए (पन्त, २०२८:२८४)।
यो आँधीखोलाले लोकभावनाको शिरपाउ गुथेर आँधीखोले (रोइला) भन्ने नाउँ लिन पुगेको छ। ….. यस आँधीखोला (स्यांजा) को सीमित सेरोफेरोलाई पल्लो नुवाकोट भन्ने चलन थियो। अतः यी आँधीखोले लोकगीतलाई नुवाकोटे भनेर पनि कसैकसैले भन्दछन् (थापा, २०३०:१७९–८०)।
नेपाली लोकगीत–विवेचकहरूले ‘रोइला’ गीतको उद्गमथलो ‘गुल्मी जिल्ला’लाई मानेका छन्। गण्डकी अञ्चलमा भने यस गीतलाई गाउँघरका पाखापखेरासम्म पुर्‍याउने सौभाग्य स्याङ्जा जिल्लाले लिएको बुझिन्छ। … कस्केली भेकमा रोइलालाई आँधीखोले विशेषणसमेत लगाई सम्बोधन गर्दछन्– ‘आँधीखोले रोइला’ (थापा र सुवेदी, २०४१:९७)।
रोइला गीतको जननी आभ्यन्तरमा झ्याउरे, चुड्का, चुड्का ख्यालीलाई र बाह्यमा आँधीखोलाको सेरोफेरोलाई मानिन्छ। … आँधीखोलाको सेरोफेरो (नुवाकोट, गह्रौँ, पैयूँ, भीर्कोट, सतौँ, पर्वत गरी जम्मा ६ भागमा बाँडिएको छ, जसलाई पश्चिम ४ नं. पनि भनिन्छ) भनेर हामीले स्याङ्जा, पर्वत, बाग्लुङ, गुल्मी, कास्की, गोर्खा आदि जिल्लाहरूलाई चिन्नुपर्दछ (न्यौपाने, २०५५:१११)।
यस गीत (आँधीखोले रोइला) को मूल ठाउँ स्याङ्जाको नुवाकोट हो भनिन्छ तर आजभोलि त यस गीतले पश्चिमी भेकलाई सर्लप्पै ढाकेको छ। … रोइला हिजो क्षेत्रीबाहुनको समाजमा बढी झ्याम्मिए पनि आजभोलि यस भेकका सबै जातिको पेवा भएको छ (शर्मा, २०५६:१४)।
रोइला गीत पश्चिमाञ्चल क्षेत्रको गुल्मी जिल्लाबाट उत्पत्ति भएको मानिन्छ। यो गीत त्यहाँदेखि पूर्वका स्याङ्जा र कास्कीका बनबुटा, गोठ, पँधेरी अनि टारहरूसम्म छापछापती हुन पुगेको छ। त्यसो त यो गीत महाकाली छेउछाउका पहाडहरूमा पनि नगाइने होइन, तर गुल्मीदेखि यसले व्याप्ति लिँदै आएको छ। … ‘रोइला गीत’लाई नै ‘आँधीखोले गीत’ पनि भन्ने गरिन्छ (पराजुली, २०५७:१६२)।
मध्यपहाडी क्षेत्रको पाल्पा, गुल्मी र स्याङ्जाका बाहुनक्षेत्री तथा मगरहरूको समाजमा रोइला गीत निकै लोकप्रिय छ। … स्याङ्जामा रोइला भनिने यस्ता गीतलाई पाल्पाका केही ठाउँमा चुड्का पनि भनिन्छ। एकथरीको भनाइअनुसार रोइला गीतहरू चुड्का गीतबाटै विकसित भएका हुन् (बन्धु, २०५८:१३६)।
उपर्युक्त उद्धरणहरूबाट निम्नलिखित बुँदाहरू लिन सकिन्छ –
१ रोइला वि.सं. २००७ साल अघिदेखि नै अस्तित्वमा छ।
२ रोइला गीत पूर्वमा गोर्खादेखि पश्चिममा महाकालीपारिसम्म गाइन्छ तापनि मुख्य रूपमा गुल्मीदेखि कास्कीसम्म यसको बिस्तार पाइन्छ।
३ ख्याली, चुड्का र रोइलाबीच निकट सम्बन्ध छ।
४ रोइलाको उद्गमस्थल केहीले गुल्मी र केहीले स्याङ्जालाई मान्दछन्।
५ रोइलालाई ‘आँधीखोले रोइला’, ‘आँधीखोले गीत’, ‘नुवाकोटे गीत’ र ‘चुड्का’ पनि भनिन्छ।
६ यो बाहुनक्षेत्री र मगर समाजमा मुख्य रूपले प्रचलित छ भने अरू जातिमा पनि यसको प्रचलन छ।
यहाँ रोइला गीतको उद्गमस्थलका रूपमा गुल्मीलाई पनि देखाइएको भए पनि रोइलाका विभिन्न नाम र यसको प्रसारलाई हेर्दा स्याङ्जा नै यसको उद्गमस्थल हुने बलियो सम्भावना देखिन्छ। तर, यस विषयमा थप प्रमाण र तर्कका आधारमा जुनसुकै निष्कर्षमा पुग्न सकिने सम्भावनालाई खुलै छाडी शीर्षकबाटै अध्ययनलाई ‘आँधीखोले रोइला’मा मात्र सीमित गरिएको छ।

४ संरचना
रोइलामा तीन पाउ वा चरण हुन्छन् र यसमा स्थायी र अन्तरा हुँदैन भन्ने कुरामा यसका अध्येताहरू प्रष्ट र एकमत भए पनि यो अक्षर वा मात्रा केमा आधारित संरचना हो र ती कुन कुन पाउमा कति कति हुन्छन् भन्नेबारे अस्पष्टता देखिन्छ। यसको संरचनाबारेको अस्पष्टतालाई तीन भागमा बाँडेर हेर्न सकिन्छ।
पहिलो अस्पष्टता रोइला शीर्षकभित्र समेटिएका गीतहरूको संरचना फरक फरक भएकाले तीमध्ये कुनचाहिँ वा सबै रोइला गीत हुन् भन्ने अस्पष्टता हो। थापा (२०२०:२६३ र २०३२:१८५–२१५), पन्त (२०२८:२८४–५), पराजुली (२०५७:१६३–४) र अधिकारी (२०५८:१०–१४) मा यस्तो अस्पष्टता देखिन्छ। यसको समाधानका लागि यस लेखमा आँधीखोले रोइलाको संरचनासँग मिल्नेलाई मात्र आँधीखोले रोइलाका रूपमा लिइएको छ र अन्यलाई या त रोइला नै होइनन् या रोइलाका अरू नै (आँधीखोले बाहेकका) भेद हुन् भन्ने मानी छाडिएको छ।
दोस्रो अस्पष्टता लेख्य वर्ण (letter वा grapheme) र अक्षर (syllable) बारे अध्येताको अस्पष्टता हो। यस्ता अस्पष्टता थापा र सुवेदी (२०४१:९९), न्यौपाने (२०५५:११२), शर्मा (२०५६:१५) र पराजुली (२०५७:१६२) मा पाइन्छ। यीमध्ये थापा र सुवेदी र पराजुली प्रत्येक चरण प्रायः छ वा सात अक्षरका हुन्छन् र पूरा रोइला १९ देखि २१ अक्षरसम्मको हुन्छ भन्छन्। न्यौपाने प्रत्येक चरण अक्सर गरेर ७ वा ८ अक्षरका पाइन्छन् र पूर्ण आकार १९ देखि २४ अक्षरसम्मको पाइन्छ भन्छन्। शर्मा भने घटीमा १५ देखि बढीमा बीसबाइसे अक्षरसम्मको पङ्क्तिहार बनेको पाइन्छ भन्छन्। तर यीमध्ये पराजुलीका केही उदाहरणबाहेक सबै उदाहरणमा पहिलो चरणमा छ अक्षर र बाँकी चरणमा सात–सात अक्षर नै पाइन्छ।
तेस्रो खालको अस्पष्टता रोइला अक्षरमा आधारित संरचना हो कि मात्रामा आधारित संरचना हो भन्ने हो। यस्तो अस्पष्टता पन्त (२०२८) र बन्धु (२०५८) मा पाइन्छ। पन्त रोइला छन्दहरू आठ मात्रे दुई पाउका र आठै मात्रे तीन पाउका पनि हुन्छन् भन्दछन् (पृ. २८४–५)। बन्धु एक ठाउँ पहिलो चरनमा ६ मात्रा र दोस्रो र तेस्रो चरनमा ७–७ मात्रा हुन्छ भन्छन् (पृ. १३१) भने अर्का ठाउँमा पहिलो चरनमा ६ अक्षर र दोस्रो र तेस्रो चरनमा ७–७ अक्षर हुन्छ भन्छन् (पृ. १३६)। उदाहरण भने पन्तका केही र बन्धुका सबै नै ६–७–७ अक्षरका छन्, ६–७–७ मात्राका होइन। संरचनामा अक्षर वा मात्रा र तिनको सङ्ख्याबारे स्पष्ट हुन यो उदाहरण हेरौँ –
(१) मन्पेट् मलाई द्यौ न
टक मैमा लाइद्यौ न
तिमी मेरी भैद्यौ न
(पन्त, २०२८:२८५)
अक्षर श्वासको एक प्रवाहमा उच्चारण गरिसकिने वर्णहरूको समूह हो। त्यसैले यो उच्चारणका आधारमा निर्धारित हुन्छ र लेख्य वर्ण (यसलाई पनि सामान्यतः अक्षर नै भन्ने गरिएको छ) र यसको सङ्ख्या बराबर नहुन पनि सक्छ। उपर्युक्त रोइलालाई अक्षरका आधारमा हेर्दा –
मन् पेट् म लाई द्यौ न
१ १ १ १ १ १ ‍= ६ अक्षर
ट क मै मा लाइ द्यौ न
१ १ १ १ १ १ १ = ७ अक्षर
ति मी मे री भै द्यौ न
१ १ १ १ १ १ १ = ७ अक्षर
यसरी यो ६–७–७ अक्षरको संरचना भएको रोइला हो। यसमा रहेका ‘लाई’ र ‘लाइ’ लेख्य आधारमा दुई दुई अक्षर भएका शब्द हुन् तर उच्चारणका आधारमा भने एक–एक अक्षर भएका शब्द हुन्। त्यसैगरी ‘टक’को उच्चारण सामान्य बोलचालमा ‘टक्’ वा एक अक्षरको हुन्छ। यसमा लेख्य वर्णहरू दुई छन् र गीतमा पनि दुई अक्षर नै अर्थात् ‘टक’ उच्चारण हुन्छ।
भाषामा मात्रा भनेको वर्णको दीर्घता (length) हो। यस आधारमा मात्रा ह्रस्व (छोटो), दीर्घ (लामो) र प्लुत (अति लामो) गरी तीन किसिमको हुन्छ। तर, छन्दमा मात्रा भनेको ह्रस्व अक्षरको उच्चारणकाल बराबरको समय हो। त्यसैले ह्रस्व अक्षर बराबर एक मात्रा र दीर्घ अक्षर बराबर दुई मात्रा गणना हुन्छ। माथिकै रोइलालाई मात्राका आधारमा हेरौँ –
मन् पेट् म लाई द्यौ न
२ २ १ २ २ १ = १० मात्रा
ट क मै मा लाइ द्यौ न
१ १ २ २ २ २ १ = ११ मात्रा
ति मी मे री भै द्यौ न
१ २ २ २ २ २ १ = १२ मात्रा
अर्को एउटा उदाहरण लिऔँ र यसलाई अक्षर र मात्राका आधारमा हेरौँ–
(२) छट्टु रुचाइँदैन
छोटी माया लाइँदैन
फुस्ल्याइँमा आइँदैन
(पन्त, २०२८:२८५)
छट् टु रु चाइँ दै न
१ १ १ १ १ १ = ६ अक्षर
२ १ १ २ २ १ = ९ मात्रा
छो टी मा या लाइँ दै न
१ १ १ १ १ १ १ = ७ अक्षर
२ २ २ २ २ २ १ = १३ मात्रा
फुस् ल्या इँ मा आइँ दै न
१ १ १ १ १ १ १ = ७ अक्षर
२ २ १ २ २ २ १ = १२ मात्रा
उपर्युक्त दुई उदाहरणमा के देखिन्छ भने अक्षरका आधारमा हेर्दा दुवैको संरचना एउटै अर्थात् ६–७–७ अक्षर छ तर मात्राका आधारमा हेर्दा भिन्नभिन्न संरचना अर्थात् पहिलाको १०–११–१२ र दोस्राको ९–१३–१२ मात्रा देखिन्छ। यसबाट रोइला अक्षरमा आधारित संरचना हो भन्ने प्रस्ट हुन्छ। यी दुई उदाहरणमा भएजस्तै ६–७–७ अक्षर भएका तीन चरणको, स्थायी र अन्तराको भेद नभएको गीत नै ‘आँधीखोले रोइला’ हो। यसको संरचनाको आधार अक्षर हो। त्यसैले अक्षरसङ्ख्या सबैमा बराबर हुन्छ तर मात्रा भने फरक–फरक हुन पनि सक्छ।

५. स्थानीयता
लोकसाहित्यमा कुनै खास ठाउँको जीवन अभिव्यक्त हुन्छ। तसर्थ, स्थानीयता लोकसाहित्यको मुख्य विशेषता हो। आँधीखोले रोइलामा आँधीखोले लोकजीवन अभिव्यक्त भएको हुन्छ। यद्यपि अभिव्यक्ति स्पष्ट किसिमको पनि हुन सक्छ र केही अप्रत्यक्ष पनि हुन सक्छ। यहाँ स्थाननाम र स्थानीय भाषिक भेदको प्रयोगका माध्यमबाट लोकजीवनको स्पष्ट अभिव्यक्ति भएका केही गीत उदाहरणस्वरूप प्रस्तुत गरिन्छ –
(३) स्याङ्जा मेरो जिल्ला
वालिम मेरो बसोबास
लाउँला माया खसोखास
(बन्धु, २०५८:१३१)
(४) कति छेपौली र
आँधीखोले पानीले
रामकोसकी नानीले
(शर्मा, २०५६:१५)
(५) बोलाए बोलूँ कि?
त्यसै लरी परूँ कि?
सधैँ वालिम झरूँ कि?
(थापा र सुवेदी, २०४१:१००)
(६) भाका बलामैको
पानी मिठो बिर्घाको
लाइदेऊ माया निर्भाको
(न्यौपाने, २०५५:१३६)
उपर्युक्त उदाहरणहरूमा परेका स्याङ्जा, वालिम (वालिङ), आँधीखोला, रामकोस, बलाम र बिर्घा स्थाननाम बुझाउने शब्द हुन् र ती आँधीखोला छेउछाउका ठाउँ हुन्।
(७) कुन्नि पत्याम्दिन
हेला झैँ त मान्दिन
हेला झैँ त मान्दिन
(थापा र सुवेदी, २०४१:९८)
(८) कति राम्रो भाका
सुनिरम् कि फूल भोरम्
जोवन दिम् कि मै मोरम्
(लेखकको आफ्नै स्रोत, न्यौपाने, २०५५:१०६ मा केही भिन्न प्रस्तुति)
(९) मायालुको नामको
रुमाल खस्यो राम्दीमा
म फर्केर आम्दिन
(शर्मा, २०५६:१३)
उपर्युक्त उदाहरणहरूमा वर्तमानकालिक क्रियामा ‘उँ’ का सट्टा ‘म्’ हुने (पत्याम्दिन, आम्दिन), इच्छार्थक क्रियाको ‘ऊँ’ ‘म्’ हुने (सुनिरम्, दिम्, भोरम्, मोरम्) र ‘भर्’ र ‘मर्’ धातुको ‘अ’ ‘ओ’ मा परिवर्तन हुने भाषिक भेदको प्रयोग छ। यो नेपाली भाषाको आँधीखोला क्षेत्रमा बोलिने भेद हो।
(१०) हुने रैछ भेट
आउनी जानी गरे त
बेसी मकै छरे त
(शर्मा, २०५६:१३)
यस (१०) उदाहरणमा ‘आउनी’, ‘जानी’ कृदन्तको प्रयोग छ जुन मानक नेपालीमा ‘आउने’, ‘जाने’ हुन्छ। यो पनि नेपालीको स्थानीय भेद हो।
यस्तै आँधीखोले रोइलामा त्यस क्षेत्रमा प्रयोग हुने विशेष शब्दहरूको पनि प्रयोग पाइन्छ। त्यस्ता शब्दको प्रयोग भएका गीतका उदाहरण हेरौँ –
(११) पारी बनपालेमा
ठूलो रूख टुनी हो
बैनी सारै खुनी हो
(शर्मा, २०५६:१३)
(१२) तिर्खा लाग्दा पानी
असेट् लाग्दा काँ जानी
असेट् लाग्दा काँ जानी
(न्यौपाने, २०५५:११२)
(१३) अचार करेलीको
तिहुन मिठो लौकाको
नछोड्नुस् है मौकाको
(थापा र सुवेदी, २०४१:९८)
उपर्युक्त उदाहरणहरूमा परेका खुनी (अन्तर्मुखी, कम बोल्ने, कपटी), असेट् (अत्याहट), तिहुन (तरकारी) आँधीखोला क्षेत्रमा प्रयोग हुने नेपाली भाषामा पाइने विशेष शब्दहरू हुन्।
(१४) त्यसो नभन न
कमलो मन रोइभ्याउँछ
काँ जाम् काँ जाम् भैभ्याउँछ
(न्यौपाने, २०५५:१०६)
यस उदाहरणमा ‘भ्याउनु’ (’सक्नु’ अर्थमा) सहायक क्रियाका रूपमा आएका दुई संयुक्त क्रियाको प्रयोग भएको छ। भ्याउनु सहायक क्रिया आँधीखोले स्थानीय भेद हो। यसरी विभिन्न स्थाननाम, स्थानीय शब्दभण्डारका शब्द र स्थानीय व्याकरणिक भेदको प्रयोगबाट आँधीखोले रोइलामा स्थानीयता प्रकट भएको पाइन्छ।

६ निष्कर्ष
उपर्युक्त समग्र अध्ययन–विश्लेषणबाट आँधीखोलाको सेरोफेरोमा एक्लै वा दोहोरीका रूपमा गाइने, ६–७–७ को अक्षर संरचना भएको, स्थायी र अन्तराको भेद नभएको, स्थानीयता झल्कने नेपालीको सामान्य लोकगीत आँधीखोले रोइला हो। यो त्यस क्षेत्रका क्षेत्रीबाहुन र मगरका साथै सबै जातजातिले गाउँछन् भन्ने निष्कर्ष प्राप्त भएको छ। यही नै आँधीखोले रोइलाको परिचय हो।

सन्दर्भसूची
अधिकारी, विश्वप्रेम (२०५८) पश्चिमाञ्चलका लोकगीत र परम्परा, स्याङ्जा: विजयकुमार अधिकारी।
कोइराला, शम्भुप्रसाद (२०५५) लोकसाहित्य: सिद्धान्त र विश्लेषण, विराटनगर: धरणीधर पुरस्कार प्रतिष्ठान।
थापा, धर्मराज (२०२०) हाम्रो लोकगीत, काठमाडौँ: रेडियो नेपाल।
(२०३०) गण्डकीका सुसेली, काठमाडौँ: नेपाल राजकीय प्रज्ञा–प्रतिष्ठान।
(२०३२) मेरो नेपाल भ्रमण, काठमाडौँ: साझा प्रकाशन।
थापा, धर्मराज र हंसपुरे सुवेदी (२०४१) नेपाली लोकसाहित्यको विवेचना, काठमाडौँ: त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालय, पाठ्यक्रम विकास केन्द्र।
न्यौपाने, कृष्णप्रसाद (२०५५) ‘आँधीखोले रोइला: संक्षिप्त विवेचना अध्ययन’, नेपाल राजकीय प्रज्ञा–प्रतिष्ठानमा प्रस्तुत अध्ययन प्रतिवेदन।
पन्त, कालीभक्त (२०२८) हाम्रो सांस्कृतिक इतिहास, काठमाडौँ: लेखक स्वयं।
पराजुली, कृष्णप्रसाद (२०५७) नेपाली लोकगीतको आलोक, काठमाडौँ: वीणा प्रकाशन।
बन्धु, चूडामणि (२०५८) नेपाली लोकसाहित्य, काठमाडौँ: एकता बुक्स।
शर्मा, सुकुम (२०५६) ‘आँधीखोले रोइलासित मितेरी गाँसौँ कि!’ उदय, साउन–भदौ, पृ. १३–१५।